Journal: Frontiers in Immunology
Article Title: Stage of Gestation at Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus Infection of Pregnant Swine Impacts Maternal Immunity and Lactogenic Immune Protection of Neonatal Suckling Piglets
doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00727
Figure Lengend Snippet: Peripheral natural killer (NK) cell frequency and function and serum interleukin (IL)-12 and IL-22 concentrations were increased in first compared with second and third trimester gilts. (A) Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated and NK cell (CD3 − , CD172 − , CD8 + ) frequencies were determined by flow cytometry at post infection day (PID) 0, 6–8, and 12–17. (B) PBMCs and CFSE-stained K562 tumor cells were used as effector and target cells, respectively, and co-cultured at 10:1 5:1 and 1:1 ratios to assess NK cell cytotoxic function at PID 6–8. (C) Serum cytokine concentrations (pg/ml) of IL-12 and (D) IL-22 were measured at PID 0, 6–8, and 12–17. Asterisks indicate significant differences among treatment groups (mean ± SEM). Statistical analysis was performed using the Student's t -test (B) or two-way ANOVA with repeated measures and Bonferroni's correction for multiple comparisons (A,C,D) . * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01.
Article Snippet: Biotinylated anti-porcine IL-4 (0.5 μg/ml, clone A155B15C6), anti-porcine IL-10 (1 μg/ml, clone 945A1A926C2), anti-porcine IFN-γ (0.5 μg/ml, clone A151D13C5), anti-TGF-β (0.4 μg/ml, TGF-β-1 Multispecies Ab Pair CHC1683) (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA), anti-porcine IL-6 (0.1 μg/ml, goat polyclonal IgG), anti-porcine IL-12 (0.2 μg/ml, goat polyclonal IgG), anti-porcine IFN-α (3.75 μg/ml, clone F17) (R&D systems, Minneapolis, MN), anti-porcine TNF-α (0.4 μg/ml, goat polyclonal Ab), anti-porcine IL-17 (1 μg/ml, rabbit polyclonal Ab) or anti-porcine IL-22 (1 μg/ml, rabbit polyclonal Ab) (Kingfisher Biotech, Saint Paul, MN) were used for detection.
Techniques: Isolation, Flow Cytometry, Infection, Staining, Cell Culture